Alcohol Dependence Essay -- essays research papers

Alcohol Use Disorders are disorders that are caused by the intake of inebriant over a period of time and in ways that contain to harms with health, personal relationships, school, or work. Different alcoholic drink use disorders comprise alcohol dependence, alcohol abuse, alcohol intoxication, and alcohol insularism. A person with alcohol dependence has an increased tolerance to alcohol or symptoms of withdrawal after the stop of alcohol ingestion. People who are dependent on alcohol whitethorn spend considerable amounts of time drinking alcohol despite the fact that they are fully knowledgeable of the destructive characteristics of the medicate.A person abusing alcohol begins to neglect his/her responsibilities in school, at work, or socially because of alcohol use. Also, the alcohol abuser may engage in dangerous activities while intoxicated. Starting with using alcohol as a social drinker, a person will rapidly change their consumption to drinking for the purpose of getting drunk. These people are a lot drunk in public which leads to many arrests. Alcohol intoxication can often cause a person to undergo emotional conversions such as moodiness or irritability. The person may also experience physical changes like slurred speech and poor coordination. Extreme alcohol use may lead to memory loss called blackouts. Alcohol Poisoning is when so much alcohol is consumed that death can occur if it is not pumped out of the stomach.Alcohol withdrawal follows the discontinuation of the heavy use of alcohol. It happens because the body has become dependent on the alcohol in the blood for small tasks. When the entire normal amount of alcohol is stopped suddenly, the body retaliates with increasingly horrific symptoms. The person in alcohol withdrawal m... ...ing a patient cope with withdrawal is Hour to Hour The prime(prenominal) 30 Days by Shelly Marshall. Another is Alcohol How to Give it Up and Be Glad You Did, by Philip Tate. The Alcohol Treatment Referral Hotline, 1-800-ALCOHOL, provides help and referrals for people with concerns most alcohol or drug use. National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence hotline, 1-800-622-2255, connects people with survivors who can relate. The Alcohol and Drug Hotline, 1-800-821-4357, provides information on treatment centers and AA support groups. The National Drug and Alcohol Treatment Hotline, 1-800-662-HELP (1-800-662-4357), provides information on alcohol and drug abuse, local treatment options and to speak with someone about alcohol, drug or family problems.All of these resources can help a person in need. Please utilize them to assist yourself of a friend in finding treatment.

Graduation Speech: Aim at the Sun :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Graduation - at last I thought wed never get here. Only 13 years ago, we started our first day of kindergarten. It may be easy for some of you to recall those memories. Remembering those magical days of elementary, hop-scotch, collar ball, swinging on the monkey bars, playing the map game, boys chasing girls on recess, and for us girls, day-of-the-week underwear were a big hit.If only the days were as simple as those. The six years flew by quickly and we were off to middle school and presently to junior high or Cedarcrest. Now we were into dances, telephone numbers, big hair, lockers, and the girls were chasing the boys. Who mint forget the rivalry between the Downtowners and the Cedarpreps? There was one focus and one focus only, victory.Four more years gone by and we are squashmores. It seems interchangeable only yesterday when we stepped foot onto County High School. We looked with amazement at all of the different buildings and the numerous classrooms. It was the seniors that frightened us the most. Those helpful seniors the tapings, the directions, even raw eggs.We soon ventured into our junior year, we were now the Class of 2012. We had made new friends and discovered that Mr. Thomas was the most versatile of all schedule organizers. By now most everyone had their license, and up and down, and up and down, and up and down State Street we went. What fools we were, or maybe some of us still are.Finally, we became the big bad seniors we once feared. There curb been numerous memories that one will never forget and will always cherish. These memories include dodging seagulls, sneaking past security, formal dances, eating lunch on the forum, tea, the picnic and now graduation.As we choose our own paths, some will continue their education, while others will go straight into the work force.

Slavery And Southern Honor Essay -- Slavery Essays

ParallelsTo southern men, find was ein truththing. I dictated their standing in society, whether or non they could own slaves it basically was a secret caste system. A man held in the highest honor experienced a good life from a companionable stance in the south. The honor system utilize in the south was related to the expression used by southern gentlemen. Honor and Slavery by Kenneth S. Greenburg attempts to explain the vernacular and customs used by men in the antebellum south. It would be hard for a person in todays society to reckon the way honor was shown it would have even been a challenge for men living in the Northern United States to understand at that time. As Greenburg states, Since the language of honor was the dominant language of the men who ruled the slave South, we will never understand masters, the nature of slavery, or the Civil war without first correspondence that language. To be a powerful man in the south, society also had to divvy up you to be an honorable man. Honor and power in the South were gibe to each other a man with a high honor ranking was usually a prominent member of society. The white gentlemen of the South used honor as a means for running society and it slightly resembled a monarchic society, as if a person was born into honor whether or not they chose so. It was very important to a Southern man the family name he carried because it would prove his honor in some situations.The biggest insult that could be tending(p) in the antebellum South was accusing an honorable man of lying. It could be over something trivial or something serious. Either way, if a man was accused of lying, his very livelihood was being challenged. If a certain person fell out of societies favor an... ... high honor holdings were usually wealthy also. Today, money is not indispensable to achieve honor. Honor is not dictated by social standings but by the actions and decisions that people make on a daily basis. Most fancy r eligious figures, soldiers, doctors, firefighters, etc. to be honorable positions because they make a helpful contribution to society. Honorable people help others even if they cannot gain anything from the situation. An small modelling of honor would be taking an hour out of your busy schedule to help brighten someones day. This clashes greatly with the perception of honor in the Old South. We consider slavery to be an illegal act and something bad but the Old South considered most slave masters to be very honorable people. If honor has changed so significantly over the past 150 years just imagine what it will be like in the next years to come.

Director of Census 2000 Speaks :: Free Essay Writer

Director of Census 2000 SpeaksLets take a minute to mobilise about how America fails, Dr. Kenneth Prewitt, director of Census 2000, said to a gathering of students at Boston University today. We have people living in igloos, houseboats, tree houses and cabins in the woods, Prewitt said. America is not a neat little row of urban houses. The census is two things a count and assigning geography, Prewitt explained. The purpose of the census is to let the government last where people are. At its peak, Census 2000 will be the third largest advertiser in the United States. It has poured millions into making sure people know its out there and also making sure that people acknowledge they must respond. However, there are several demographic groups, such as homegrown Americans and Latinos that are difficult to reach Prewitt blames two things for an undercount attitude and demographics. Demographically, residents who do not live in one place, such as traveling salesmen who primarily live out of a suitcase, are undercounted along with people who have no where to live at all. Likewise, Native Americans have been previously undercounted because the isolation of reservations makes it difficult and high-priced for the Census Bureau to get a count. Attitudinal problems affect people who fear the government, such as illegalaliens, and people who dislike the government. Were trying to colloquy the country into responding and fulfilling their civic responsibility, Prewitt said, given the sharp decline in citizen response since the censuses of 1960 and 1970. Census 2000 is not just the governments scientific exercise or collecting data to redistribute funds and power this year, the Census Bureau is in partnership with 90,000 community leaders across the country, and the Bureau and the community are sharing the responsibility of getting the right numbers in responses.

Pride and Prejudice :: essays research papers

Pride and Prejudice is set some 200 years ago in England. When the story opens, we are introduced to the Bennett family on their estate, Longburn. A handsome, wealthy gentleman named Charles Bingley has just moved to the neighborhood. Charles develops a crush for Jane Bennett, but his friend, Fitzwilliam Darcy, thinks Jane is non good enough for his friend. Becauseof this, Darcy, along with the help of Charles sisters, plots to break up Jane and Charles. In themean time, though, Darcy falls for Janes sister, Elizabeth.Elizabeth Bennett, though, detests Darcy. She sees him as being to haughty. She hears, through word of mouth that he is rude and cheated George Wickham out of his inheritence. Then, George begins to court Jane.Since Mr. Bennett has no sons, his heir is to be the contiguous male to the family. This turns out to be a man named Mr. Collins. Collins is a priest who is very arrogant. He marries Elizabeths friend, Charlotte Lucas. Charlotte marries Collins to get away from he life, not for love. Because Elizabeth frequently visits her friend Charlotte, who lives with Darcys aunt, she sees Darcy often. Darcy beings to ask Elizabeth to marry him, but each time she refuses. Shes angry at him for breaking up Jane and Bingleys love affair, and because she was led to believe he stole George Wickhams inheritance. Darcy admitted to interfering with her sisters relationship, but denies any involvement with Wickham and his inheritence. He claims Wickham is not what he appears to be, but actually is a dishonest.At this point, Elizabeth is beinging to like Darcy. She goes on a trip with her aunt and uncle to Darcys mansion. While there, his housekeeper tried to cinvince Elizabeth what a great person Darcy is.

Pride and Prejudice :: essays research papers

Pride and Prejudice is set some 200 years ago in England. When the story opens, we are introduced to the Bennett family on their estate, Longburn. A handsome, wealthy human race named Charles Bingley has just moved to the neighborhood. Charles develops a crush for Jane Bennett, scarcely his friend, Fitzwilliam Darcy, thinks Jane is not good enough for his friend. Becauseof this, Darcy, along with the help of Charles sisters, plots to break up Jane and Charles. In themean time, though, Darcy falls for Janes sister, Elizabeth.Elizabeth Bennett, though, detests Darcy. She sees him as being to haughty. She hears, through word of mouth that he is rude and cheated George Wickham out of his inheritence. Then, George begins to court Jane.Since Mr. Bennett has no sons, his heir is to be the closest male to the family. This turns out to be a man named Mr. Collins. Collins is a priest who is very arrogant. He marries Elizabeths friend, Charlotte Lucas. Charlotte marries Collins to get away f rom he life, not for love. Because Elizabeth frequently visits her friend Charlotte, who lives with Darcys aunt, she sees Darcy often. Darcy beings to inquire Elizabeth to marry him, but each time she refuses. Shes angry at him for breaking up Jane and Bingleys love affair, and because she was led to believe he stole George Wickhams inheritance. Darcy admitted to interfering with her sisters relationship, but denies any involvement with Wickham and his inheritence. He claims Wickham is not what he appears to be, but actually is a dishonest.At this point, Elizabeth is beinging to like Darcy. She goes on a trip with her aunt and uncle to Darcys mansion. darn there, his housekeeper tried to cinvince Elizabeth what a great person Darcy is.

Psychodynamic Theory

Psychodynamic system Review In the article The Future of Psychodynamic Psych differentapy, Cortina (2010) reviews past and current issues concerning psychodynamic conjecture in relation hazard to therapy pr exertionices. He describes how and why a once widely accepted and common method of psychological treatment has since suffered a swift weakening in popularity and reliability. Cortina (2010) besides speaks about the basic concepts that underlie the psychodynamic possibility so that possible interpretations feces be drawn as to why this theory has succumbed to such criticism over the decades.Although, the psychodynamic theory does non rent a good reputation, Cortina (2010) examines past and current seek on how psychodynamic theory is making a comeback, and its now say nitty-grittyiveness. The Deterioration of Psychodynamic Theory According to Cortina (2010), unmatched of the tell-tale signs that psychodynamic theory has taken a dive in the world of psych otherapy is bec ause of the decline in related bear sales. Not even a decade ago, the bestselling psychoanalytical books were sold by the tens of thousands.Over the past few years, less than 500 have been taken mutilate the shelves and found their way into the hands of appreciating scholars. A proposed reason for this is that Freuds credibility has been lost. Although there was not adequate scientific evidence to back up his theories back in the day, a lot has changed in the past century. Unfortunately, Freuds theory has become nothing more than a postmodern-deconstructive philosophy (Cortina, 2010, The Decline of Psychoanalysis, para. 4). Concepts of Psychoanalytical TheoryShendler (2010), as referenced by Cortina (2010), list some basic concepts of the psychoanalytical theory. good deal act according to unconscious processes and impulses. When those processes become conflicted with one another, trouble ensues. People too respond to emotional processes. Recognizing and accepting conscious and unconscious emotions be essential to psychoanalytical theory. This theory focuses on defense mechanisms. People tend to convey in ways that are not in context with what is going on.Psychoanalytical theory has a tendency to pay close attention to the learning of the mind. How a person thinks and perceives can reveal a lot about what is going on in the mind. Social processes are also important in particular how individuals relate to and communicate with one another. Lastly, psychoanalytical theory focuses on dreams and a persons imagination. These are the doors to the unconscious. Research Cortina (2010) provides evidence from past and current research that favors psychoanalytical theory.Science has come a long way in the past decade therefore, scientists have a better understand about what is in truth going on in the gentlemans gentleman mind. With the use of tools such as the MRI, they can make connections between thoughts, emotions, actions, and specific areas of the brain and other physiological processes. Researchers have also obtained a wealth of information from case studies. Although many a(prenominal) are still skeptical about the reliability of psychoanalytical theory, evidence has shown many strengths and benefits of this theory. closing curtainRegardless of the unpopularity of psychoanalytical theory, opinions and attitudes are starting to change. on that point is a considerable amount of evidence that supports the ideas behind and the benefits of this theory. Since only a small percentage of practitioners imbibe specialized training in psychoanalytical therapy, much has to be done to convince the public and academic sector that psychoanalytical theory is not a fairytale. Personal Perspective I believe that the psychoanalytical perspective to psychotherapy has many good qualities, as well as, some questionable qualities.I run with Cortina (2010) that this theory is making some great strides to prove itself worthy in the scientific field. I do not fully adhere to the notion that many of our actions are driven by unconscious motives because that tends to take accountability and choice away from the individual. I am fascinated by this theory only for the offer of study, not in practice. Reference Cortina, M. (2010). The future of psychodynamic psychotherapy. Psychiatry Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 73(1), 43-56. doi10. 1521/psyc. 2010. 73. 1. 43Psychodynamic TheoryPsychodynamic theory is a view that explains personality in the terms of unconscious and conscious forces, such as beliefs and unconscious desires. Sigmund Freud in the early 20th century proposed a psychodynamic theory according to which personality consists of the ID. The ID is obligated for instincts and pleasure-seeking. He also proposed the idea of the super self-importance which attempts to obey the rules of society and rears.The superego is split into two parts, conscience and the ego ideal. The conscience tells what is right and wrong, i t forces the ego to control the id and it directs the individual into virtuously acceptable and responsible behaviors, which could not be pleasureable. Lastly the Ego which mediates between the id and the superego according to the demands of reality. What psychodynamic theories do are they commonly hold that childhood experiences shape ones personality. Such theories are associated with psychoanalysis which is a type of therapy that attempts to reveal unconscious desires and thoughts.Not all psychologists use or accept psychodynamic theories, critics claim that the theories leave out scientific data that supports the theories. Other theories of personality include humanist and behavioural theories (Siegel, 2013). Psychodynamic theorists believe that offenders have id-dominated personalities. They can lose control the ego and the ids need for flare gratification will thus take over. This will then cause impulse control problems and increased pleasure-seeking drives. Other problems that are associated with a damaged ego are poor social skills, immaturity, and excessive dependence on other heap. The idea with this is that negative experiences in an offenders childhood will damage the ego, therefore, the offender is then unable to cope with conventional society (Siegel, 2013).This theory can be attached to Bowblys theory of Attachment. Bowlby had proposed that the ability to form meaningful social affinitys in adulthood was merely dependent on a close, warm and continuous relationship with the mother in the first few years of life. Since this relationship serves as a prototype for all future relationships, disruption to this could impair a persons ability to relate to others therefore causing roots of criminality, and baksheesh to affection less psychopathology. So therefore, this explains crime by the root causes of crime because it depends on relationships with your mother when you are young (1-5 years old). The keysubjects are juveniles. As talked about p reviously, this theory correlated with Bowlbys Attachment theory (Maxwell, Spielmann, Joel & MacDonald, 2013).At early stages the key subjects are juveniles, because theyre out lashing due to the lack of emotional adhesion at the early stages in life, and then adults because they never got to experience an emotional attachment throughout the early and then later years of life.There are various ways that psychodynamic theory and attachment theory have been tested throughout the years. After much research, one study that was found was a Relationship Attachment Syle Text. The main basis of this tests background is how from the beginning years of life, we develop an attachment to our primary caregivers that tends to remain constant if it is picture. It has a profound effect that is not only on our emotional development, but is also upon the health of our relationships.In this test attachment styles that are conveyed are Secure, Dismissive-Avoidant, Fearful-Avoidant, Codependent, Depen dent, and Anxious Ambivalent. This will assess your relationship style and it will show how it affects your relationships in your personal life all just by taking this test. It asks you a serious of questions that you rate 1 universe the most true and 5 being the most false about you (Haggerty, 2010). This has been used as a basis for public programs, and also private programs. It can be assessed simply in a classroom setting when learning about the psychodynamic/ attachment theory, and it can be used in a clinical setting where the therapist is trying to see where the client is relationship wise in their life.This test is important, and it is widely used , and it is grounded in a valid and well-established theory. There was evidence that this is a valid test. With research by (Brennan et al., 1998 Fraley & Waller, 1998) that the greatest weight of the results that were found were deriving from multi-item dimensional measures because they have demonstrated greatly the best precisen ess and validity. They strongly encourage more researchers that are interested in peer relationships to continue to use and explore the old measures that are used and determine the advantages and their limitations. They also encourage them to continue to concern themselves with measurement issues in this certain domain, seeing there are still gaps that are waiting to be filled and improvements to be made while assessing attachment (Brennanet al., 1998 Fraley & Waller, 1998).This test has found to have a wide range of uses, especially for the environment that it is used in (personal, clinical, educational etc). It is not necessarily used for all crimes, but it can be used with juveniles in crime because it can help determine their psychosis and what environmental factors could be associated with their behavior.After drawn-out research of the psychodynamic/attachment theory and the culture conflict theory, these theories do not belong in the same class of theories. Though they do loo k at crime and can help explain the root causes or explain why crimes have happened, they are different theories that do not belong in the same class. The psychodynamic theory is an evolutionary theory and attachment theory is a psychological theory. Culture conflict theory is an environmental- base theory. The similarities that these theories share are the fact that soldering has a very important lasting psychological implications. Also another similarity that these theories share is showing how in an overall setting, society creates these bonds and they stick totally to constructher.Culture conflict occurs when rules are expressed in the criminal law clashes with the demands of group conduct norms, therefore this theory is an outcome of an event. Psychodynamic theories focus on the time of the event, on their instinctive drive and forces (from their id, superego, ego), so this in objective, and also can be an outcome. That goes for attachment theory as well, because attachment th eory is the ability to bond to other people has important lasting psychological implications across someones life span, so this is the outcome of previous behaviors and attachments with people in ones life.A typology of crime that is believed to to explain psychodynamic theory in some sort of way that is also integrated with Bowlbys theory of attachment is underage drinking. This kind of crime could be well-explained with this theory because of the reaction people have to the lack of control over their id, ego and superego as well as lack of attachment which tames them to leaning onto something else to get the pain away. Through a study to begin research has indicated that peer and maternal bonds play important but sometimes competing roles in the outcomes of kids. This study hypothesizedthat secure parental attachment predicted anti- alcohol attitudes and behavioral control. Norms, alcohol attitudes and behavioral control are each uniquely explained variance in intentions, which h as forecasted a significant increase in alcohol behavior a month later.Peer and parental attachment were each indirectly predicted future behavior. The results obtained from the longitudinal research were theoretically and practically informative for recognizing the contrasting interpersonal forces of peers and parents on the high-pitched risk beliefs of young adults. After research, the protective benefits that arose from attachment bonds to parents extended even into early adulthood. The findings support recommendations for interventions designed to curtail the risky levels of underage drinking based on the tenets of attachment theory (Lac, 2012). A scenario that fits this type of crime is the parents that influence the child are heavy drinkers.The environment of the child growing up about excessive alcohol drinking will lead to the influx of the child thinking its okay to drink, and want to drink because its cool and their parents do it as well. The influence of this could pote ntially lead to children starting to drink as early as possibly age 13. This can lead into possibly getting into drugs as well. Getting caught with underage possession of alcohol can be a slap on the wrist at first, heretofore if they get into a vehicle and they are driving and get in an accident the consequences fig out drastically. You could potentially get jail time if you kill someone, get your license revoked, points on your license and quite a big fine.The theory could be challenged in the fact that underage drinking could be because of the influence of other teens, and not completely the parents influence. It could be argued in the psychodynamic theory that the id is taking over and telling the person that it will be fun, and there will be no consequences or it could be considered a normal thing, so when it comes to the ego (the reality principle) nothing will seem wrong to them, when actually, it is a morally wrong act with consequences because the legal drinking age is 21 years old.Psychodynamic theory overall, is an insight-oriented therapy that focuses on unconscious processes as they are manifested in a persons present behavior. Goals of this therapy are a clients self-awareness and the understanding of the influence of the past on present behavior. The goalof psychodynamic therapy are a clients self-awareness and the understanding of the influence of the past on present behavior. The approach of this theory will enable the client in a therapy setting to examine unresolved conflicts and symptoms that arise from dysfunctional relationships and manifest themselves in the need and the desire to abuse substances and other criminal behaviors. It is by far one of the oldest modern therapies/theories.It is extremely developed and multi-faced theory of human development and interaction (Haggerty, 2010). Because of the extensive research there is on this theory, how old this theory is, and the validity of this theory/therapy, this theory is a more usable /valuable to preventing, approaching and evaluating crime. Having Bowlbys work correlating with this theory shows how much more extensive it can get because of how close attachment theory correlates. Basically, attachment theory as stated previously is the emotional bond to another person. Attachment as Bowlby stated is a lasting psychological attachedness between human beings (Lac, 2012).Developing a bond in your early years of life with your caregivers (especially your mother) has a huge impact that will follow someone throughout their life. Bowlby stated that attachment serves to keep the infant close to their mother, thus improving the childs chances of survival (Schaffer & Emerson, 1964). One social problems that this theory could help try to solve or possibly prevent is substance or alcohol abuse. When children have a lack of emotional stability in their lives, they turn to something that they will feel connected with, and will replace the hole that the lack of parental invol vement in their lives. Then once they become addicted to the substance they use or alcohol they feel a sense of fulfillment which helps cope with their lack of relationships with people.This theory can help prevent or transition their lives and fill the hole of renunciation and help create a healthy emotional stance in their lives which will help prevent the addictions.

Imagery of Dark vs Light in James Joyce’s “Araby” Essay

The most remarkable imagery in Joyces Araby is the imagery of dark and trip out. The whole layer reads like a chiaroscuro, a play of rickety and darkness. Joyce uses the darkness to describe the reality which the male child lives in and the light to describe the boys imagination his love for Mangans sister. The story starts with the description of the dark surroundings of the boy his neighborhood and his home. Joyce uses these dark and gloomy references to create the dark mood and atmosphere. Later, when he discusses Mangans sister, he changes to buttonlike light references which are used to create a fairy tale humanness of dreams and illusions. In the end of the story, we see the darkness of the bazaar that represents the boys letdown. On the simplest level, Araby is a story about a boys first love. On a deeper level, however, it is a story about the world in which he lives a world inimical to ideals and dreams. This imagery reinforces the theme and the characters. Thus, it becomes the true subject of the story.The prevailing imagery of darkness shows that the boys spiritual environment is musty and dark.. Araby begins at dusk and continues through the evening during the winter. He chooses gloomy setting to be the home of a young boy. The houses in the street where the boy lives have brown imperturbable faces (40) ,his home has gloomy rooms(44) and the gardens where they play are dark. In this darkness only the boy and his laughing and shouting companions flame. They are still too young to have succumbed to the spiritual decay of the adult inhabitants. But the boys must play in dark muddy lanes, in dark dripping gardens, near dark odorous stables and ash pits (40 ). They use to hid in shadows (40 ) which are also part of the dark imagery.Into this world of darkness appears a figure representative of the light and all that is ideal, Mangans sister. She is the contrast to the boys dark world so she stands out in his dark environment. The bank clerk describes her figure as defined by the light (40). His youthful imagination sees her as a figure always surrounded with light. The light from the lamp opposite our room access caught the white curve of her neck (43). Because of her the boy touch sensations a surge of hope that now, in her love, he will find light. This girl becomesan image to him of all that he seeks in his dark surroundings. She has the power to set a flame in him. The boy tells us that her image, constantly accompanies him at night in my bedroom and by day in the classroom her image came betwixt me and the page I strove to read(43).Her image accompanies him even in places the most hostile to romance and makes him feel as though he bears a holy chalice through a throng of foes-the Saturday evening throng of drunken men, bargaining women, cursing laborers (41), and all the others who represent his dark surroundings and have no conception of the mystical beauty his young mind has created in this world of material ugliness. Joyce refers to bright light when discussing Mangans sister in order to give her a heavenly presence. Plainly he has felt the summons to cherish the holy, the light, in this dark world of those who are hostile to the sacred.The most significant role of the dark and light imagery appears in the end of the story in the bazaar. Here, the two imageries appear unitedly but the end of the story is dark as the beginning. When finally the girl speaks to the boy she asks him if he is going to Araby. From that moment, the boy loses interest in his school and in everything around him. He thinks of nothing but the girl and the bazaar.He can see nothing but her dark house and her brown-clad figure touched by lamp-light (44). He feels that if he can gain the girl the light will be restored to his dark existence. He goes to Araby to buy her some gift and win her heart. jam Joyce uses the lights of the bazaar to illustrate the boys confrontation with reality. When the boy reaches the baz aar he expects it to be open and lighted. However ,nearly all the stalls were unlikable and the greater part of the hall was in darkness (45 ). When he sees some lights there he remembers the reason he is there The sight of the streetsglaring with torpedo recalled to me the purpose of my journey (46) Mangans sister. But the light is there for a very short time. In the end, we see again the darkness image the light was out , the upper part of the whole was now completely dark(46), the boy is gazing up into thedarkness (46). With this darkness Joyce shows us the boys disappointment with his quest. The dark imagery shows that when he finds out that the bazaar isnt what he expects it to be he realizes that his love exists only in his mind.The theme of the story-the discrepancy between the real and the ideal is made final in the dark description of the bazaar, a place of tawdry make-believe. The story that begins with the light-dark contrasts ends with it. The fact that in the end of the story the bazaar is dark shows that his love, like his quest for a gift to draw the girl to him, ends with his realizing that his love exists only in his mind. The experiences of the boy illustrate how people a good deal expect more than ordinary reality can provide and then feel disillusioned and disappointed.This disillusion is shown in the end when the boy tells that he sees himself as a creature driven and derided by vanity (46). The boy senses the falsity of his dreams. He sees the dark reality and his eyes burn with anguish and anger. The last(a) sentence reveals anger, hostility and a sense of harsh realization that his love for the girl was based on ignorance and self-deception. Realizing this, the boy takes his first step into adulthood.

How the World Began Essay

There was no world yet and there were gods living in a great brightness in a circular quadruplet Magbabaya, Dad whateverahan and Makabughaw were the three gods who first lived in order and balance Makabughaw created the first wind.Magbabaya created the earth from the solid ground coming from Dadanyahans mouth but it was dry out and colorless. Dadanyahan sprinkled his saliva and blessed by Magbabaya and it was the first rain. When water washed over the earth it created different landforms and water forms. Vegetation also sprouted and grow.Magbabaya and Makabughaw scoped some soil and do a public figure with the use of Dadanyahans saliva. They put bones, blood vessels and blood to the seven figures they formed. Magbabaya and Dadanyahan fight about the figures.The weapons they used in fighting, sank to the ground and became the sources of metals for transportation. They hold to end their fights and made the final form of the figures, Dadanyahan got the six figures. Magbabaya had o nly one figure and it was the first human who become the guardians of the soil, water, and marine life, the plants, forests.How the World BeganBukidnon FolktaleI. placeThe story happened before earth was created where the gods lived up in the sky. It is evident by the words, long long time ago in Banting, a circular space of great brightness encircled with a rainbow.II. CHARACTERS1. Magbabaya the one-headed god, who took pity on Makabughaw and decided to build an extension so the poor Makabughaw could rest. Since the beginning of the story he is a round character, he was sometimeshelpful but most of the time bossy and making orders. Although in the end he turned mad and in use(p) in fight, it was only the course of his actions.2. Dadanyahan the ten-headed god, who can give whatever the two gods needed in order tto build or to make something. He is a dynamic character for he has changes in his attitudes in the course of story. From understanding and giving, he turned to be mad.3. Makabughaw the winged god had to flap his wings incessantly to maintain his balance. He sat riskily between Mabgagaya abd Dadanyan. He made his first wind. He is a flat character, because he did not undergo any substantial change or growth in the course of the story. He was always a helper to the two other gods and just follow what they wished for.III. plot of grounda. ExpositionThe three gods where living harmoniously in the circular space of great brightness. At first there was only wind and no more. They concord to make the earth so Makabughaw could rest. From the saliva of Dadanyahan and the blessings of Magbabaya, they were also able to make the first rain that shaped the different water and landforms on the earth and made the land vegetative.b. Rising ActionAfter making the earth and the different land, water forms and different plants, they thought there would be someone who will possess care of their creations. So they concord to form discovers look like them. Dadany ahans saliva and a blessing of Magbabaya and the labor of Makabughaw.c. ClimaxAfter the seventh figure was molded, Magbabaya had to live to do other things and he told to Dadanyahan not to tamper the image, but Dadanyahan didand used his creative talents. This brought them into huge fight.d. Falling ActionTo end the fight they agreed to divide the images. Dadanyahan got the six images which became the engkantos and Magbabaya got only one image.e. DenouementThe first human being sprung from the only image of Magbabaya and the small bits of clay from the image became the animals.IV. CONFLICT human vs. MAN The conflict happened between the two characters of the story when they did not want to give way to each other.V. THEMETemptation and destructionDadanyahan was tempted to touch the image and used his creativity on them, but he just made unwanted creatures that is why they had a big fight. It alsodestructed his friendship with Magbabaya.

Children and Screen Time Essay

Every pargonnt wants nothing more then their youngster to succeed. They want their child to develop and learn with out struggle. In this day in age we have access to so many devices that can help contribute to a childs success. Many result argue that a device such as a I-pad or mobile device will hinder ones learning. I feel the exact opposite will occur, and the child will gain knowledge. Children develop and learn so much at a very young age.They absorb everything they see and hear. They best learn finished touch, sight, and sound. Using a device such as a touch I-pad, or I-phone a child can interact on their level. on that point are so many Apps available for children of all ages. They will help a child develop at their capability and speed, while learning. I feel they will absorb more knowledge with a educational hands on device rather then TV. Children have to interact and use their brains in do for the App to work.Placing a child in front of a TV to just sit and learn, the y do not get the same hands on experience. There will be those arguing that placing a phone or tablet in a childs arms will cause harm. I do not see that being true, in this day in age we use Apps for everything. Rather at the grocery store, banking, or steady schools, most teach with touch devices. I feel that helping your child learn with a hands free device, will only help them in the future.

Consider William Blakes presentation of love in the poem The Clod and the Pebble Essay

(b) Paying close attention to language and form, write a critical appreciation of the followers poem, considering William Blakes presentation of cognise in the poem The Clod and the Pebble.The Clod and the PebbleLove seeketh not itself to please,Nor for itself hath any care,But for another gives its ease,And builds a enlightenment in Hells despair.So sung a little Clod of Clay 5Trodden with the cattles feet,But a Pebble of the brookWarbled come on these metres meetLove seeketh only self to please,To bind another to its delight, 10Joys in anothers loss of ease,And builds a Hell in Heavens despite.The ostensible cuteness of the poem The Clod and the Pebble perhaps masks a to a greater extent morbid and deeply cynical assessment of love by the poet William Blake. Initially, the melodic line between the punk and the pebbles speeches on love might encourage a positive response to the clods optimism about how love tin rescue us from even the most hellish position. The pebbles pessimi sm about love, on the other hand, is unpleasant and unsettling, but its as well a more accurate reflection of the brutal nature of the world as it is depicted in the poem. Blakes presentation of love, then, is ambivalent. While the ideal that love is able to catch any circumstance is appealing, it might not be a realistic assessment in the context of the worlds cruelty.Blakes personification of the clod and the pebble captures two very different human experiences. We are told that the clod is trodden with the cattles feet. With the word trodden Blake captures the experience of continual hardship, and being repeatedly downtrodden, subjugated and abused. in that respect is also tactile imagery of weight and pressure from the cattles feet, restricting the clod and forcing it into a new shape. In this way, the clod is described as though it experiences human suffering. It makes us think about someone who has had to become flexible to fit the continual hardship of their circumstances reflected in the physical properties of a soft clod of clay. It is then pleasantly surprising that the clod sings about love in the most plausive way.On the one hand, the clods optimism concerning love is deeply admirable, and the parallel structure used to present this speech alongside the pebbles emphasises that optimism in the most appealing way. The clod states that love builds a Heaven in Hells despair, while the pebble states that it builds a Hell in Heavens despite. The clod speaks from the context of a hellish reality that entails pain and suffering, and endows love with the capacity to transcend such an experience and create a heavenly existence of joy and happiness. The pebble, on the other hand, speaks from a comparatively heavenly existence and instead endows love with the capacity to corrupt that existence with the pain and suffering suggested by the word Hell. Our feeling that the clod is admirably optimistic ten evolves into a feeling that we too want and even beli eve that love will rescue and provide solace to this figure.Conversely, the parallel structure also financial aids to emphasise the pebbles pessimism. The clod declares that love seeketh not itself, while the pebble answers that love seeketh only self. The phrases not itself and only self create a clear juxtaposition here of the two views of love. The first underscores it as essentially selfless, while the other underscores it as absolutely and solely selfish. Moreoer, while the clod sings happily about how love for another gives its ease the pebble responds with how love joys in anothers loss of ease. The clods words suggest an action of willing self-sacrifice, while the pebbles words suggest a selfish acquisition that leaves another diminished. Of course, the pebbles view means that there is no hope for the clod and that love in fact provides no Heaven.Furthemore, the pebbles assessment of love is deeply cynical and ugly. It is, however, true to both its own experience and that of the clod. The clod is trodden upon while the pebble is of the brook. We imagine a gentle and tranquil existence within the soft current of a stream. Traditionally, however, rivers also symbolise a journey from innocence to worldliness. The body of water represents the experience that flows over us during life, leaving us more aware. This experience has left the pebble implacable. We imagine someone who has become hardened from experience and this is reflected in the physical properties of the pebble. Now the water is forced to bend around the pebble, just as the clod must bend around the feet of the cattle. This is a depiction of the worlds harshness and cruelty, and we cannot help but appreciate that it is the pebbles assessment of love that more accurately reflects it.To conclude, perhaps the poem is as much about idealism and realism as it is about love. Love, after all, is subject to our tendency to be both idealistic and realistic. Ultimately though, it seems that the depi ction of the world as harsh and brutal confirms a disallow view of love as equally harsh and brutal. At the very least, the poem encourages us to be ambivalent of love and not suppose it to be a kind of saviour capable of transcending all.

Do Men make Better managers than Women? Essay

Only in the last century have much esteemed jobs been allocated to women, in light of the women-rights movement. Even though counterbalance between men and women is still unequal and gender discrepancy at the workplace is still imminent, the improvement in the opportunities of women to maintain high ranking jobs in the last century has been drastic.However in certain occupations, such as that of the manager, inequality is even firmer, as shown in studies detailing the sex ratio of managers (Vinniecombe and Colwil, 1995). This phenomenon does not advise that men are more suitable managers, as women are especially disadvantaged in more comm yet masculine workplaces, like a managerial role. Rise to new managerial styles and a decrease in prejudice towards women may even prove women to be the more effective managers, or at least equally effective, as men.When it comes to the occupancy of the manager, Women are still more unlikely to hold the position than in other relatively high jo b positions, with only about 10 % of guidance positions in Europe cosmos held by Women, further of those the grand majority lie in the subvert management ranks (Vinnicombe and Colwill, 1995). The implication of these figures are either that discrimination is rife in the world of management, or that the qualities that are commonly regarded as necessary for a prospered manager are mostly masculine characteristics, including drive, objectivity and an authoritative manner (Wajcman, 1998 pg 55).Therefore it would seem that men have a natural advantage to be a strong manager. Nonetheless, in recent times certain developments in organization theory, including human resource management and Japanese management have indicated that a more effective management needs a softer edge and a more people-orientated approach (Wajcman, 1988 pg 55). The main characteristics of women are commonly seen as affectionate, helpful, friendly, kind soft-spoken, likeable and gentle (Barreto, Ryan and Schmit t, 2009 pg 23). Thus, this new concept of a productive manager would pertain more to women.However, as mentioned before, the ratio of cleaning ladyly to male managers in lower management positions is still dramatically unbalanced, with higher management positions being only very rarely awarded to women, with an average of 5 % in Europe even only 2% in England, (Vinnicombe and Colwill, 1995 pg3). This imbalance suggests that the traditionally ideal masculine manager approach is still preferred by the majority of firms and unfortunately only government enforce Equal opportunities action plans have really made a significant difference in the sex ratio of managers.These positive action initiatives have been launched by several countries in the last few decades, as for instance Denmark in 1989 which found that it made a two percent increase in female managers over the course of a year, (Vinnicombe and Colwill, 1995). Hence without the aid of government policies, it will take extremely long for women to be equally represented in managerial roles.That the traditional masculine view of the manager is still vastly more popular than the newer managerial perception which would be more suitable for females, is not only shown by the stagnant change of the gender representation, that also by the characteristics of the few females who hold blanket managerial positions. Whilst high ranking male managers tolerate in accordance to the stereotypical male traits, women who have made it to the top mostly act in their profession in a masculine manner, roughly indistinguishable from their male counterparts ((Wajcman, 1998).Thus, the few Women who have made it to the manager positions have intentionally acted in a masculine manner in order to attend (Wajcman, 1998). This indicates that the contemporary feminine managerial style has only been implemented extremely rarely, and that in the extensive majority of cases in order to maintain a top ranking manager position one must ex ert masculine characteristics. Research shows that this feminine approach, also referred to as transformational leadership style, is often more useful than the traditional management style, especially in firms with more feminine employees (Barreto, Ryan and Schmitt, 2009).The fact that the feminine managerial style is thus by many regarded as at least as effective as the traditional style, if not more, yet still barely ever used seems to lie in the explanation of prejudice and discrimination. Tragically, prejudice and discrimination effects equality in the workplace in exponential ways, from the very choice women make when choosing a career, such as being dissuaded from a manager career as it is seen as a masculine position, to the fact that many firms want a man as a manager as they fear a woman may not be treated with the same respect and authority from the employees (Barreto, Ryan and Schmitt).Such prejudice and discrimination cannot simply be vanquished through stricter discrim ination laws, the only truly effective mechanism until now has been positive action initiatives by Governments, which for instance in Scandinavian countries has dramatically increased the representation of Women in management(Vinnicome and Colwill, 1998. In theory, women are at least equally suitable for the role of a manager.Sadly in practice session women are at a disadvantage in attaining any management position, and once that position is maintained women have a much harder time being an effective manager. The reason for this is a lack of respect of some subordinates who dont see a woman as enough of an authority. Though woman can be just as effective managers as men, ingrained prejudice and discrimination, affecting how a female manager is seen and treated by her subordinates, may make her less of a successful manager.If women will be more common in manager positions, over time people will go away used to a female manager and the prejudice and discrimination will most likely d ecrease. Thus positive action programs by governments, may be essential to decreasing prejudice and discrimination and making it possible for women to not just theoretically be equal or even better managers than men, but also in practice.

Observational Learning Essay

empiric knowledge is when learning happens by observing other lots actions. Observational learning involves cognitive processes such as circumspection, labor acquisitions, motivation, and memory. For experimental learning to take place the person who is observing the behavior needs to be paying attention to it in order to learn it. several(prenominal) other important part of observational learning is being satisfactory to remember the behavior that you saw, so you puke repeat it. As well as being able to remember the behavior the person alike needs to be able to perform the behavior for observational learning to occur.Motivation plays a position in observational learning because you consent to deficiency to do the action for a reason. All these things argon important in observational learning. Observational learning rear be used on something much basic or more complex. Learning to play a certain song on the flabby could be observational learning. My friend had a pi ano and she would play it when I was over her house, she played one certain song all the time. I would watch her play the song as well as listen to the way it pop offed. I learned how to play the song eventually from watching her play it so much.The reason why I paid attention to her playing the piano was that I liked the sound of the song she was playing. I already knew a little about the piano because I had taught myself how to play a very simple song previously, so I had the motor skills, which allowed me to be able to play the song. Of play I was motivated to play the song or else I would not have paid attention to learning it. The reason why I was motivated was because I liked the way the song sounded, and I thought it would be fun to be able to play a full song on the piano.Learning how to play an instrument is a good example of observational learning, but not the lone(prenominal) type of learning that can occur. Most people know how to distort, even if they have never in terpreted a cooking class, this is because of observational learning. My friends and I used to make these huge elaborate breakfasts the morning afterward we had a sleepover. None of us had ever taken cooking lessons, but we knew how to cook because we had watched our parents cook before. When my parents would cook I would watch them and pay attention to what they were doing because the food they were making al shipway smelled really good, and I cute to know how and why itsmelled so good.Most people do have to motor skills to be able to cook, because it is working with your hands. What motivated me to want to learn how to cook by watching my parents is that I would not have to rely on anyone else to get me food, which could be useful at any given time. Observational learning can apply to many different facts. Learning how to ride a bike is a skill that most children learn, some learn by getting step-by-step lessons by parents or guardians, but some also learn through observational learning. When I was young my parents did not teach me how to ride a bike, I learned by watching my friend ride her bike.I did have all the motor skills necessary to ride a bike, but it did take time to apply it to a different situation than what I was used to, to learn how to apply the skills to bike riding I watched the way my friend stayed equilibrise and rode her bike by moving the pedals with her feet. What made me pay attention was the same thing that motivated me to want to learn, which was the fact that it looked like a lot of fun. Although most children do not learn how to ride a bike through observational learning, it is possible. Observational learning can be applied to really anything that can be learned.Observational learning is a key part of life, which everyone does it at some point in his or her life. The examples from my life are just a very small bit of the different ways observational learning can be used. There are four important parts to observational learning , attention, memory, motor skills, and motivation. Without one of those important parts, observational learning is unlikely to be successful. The most basic things people do, are learned through observational research. Observational learning is an important part of everyones life.

The Illiad Play

Isaiah Hammed An Iliad Essay Response Honors British Literature Mr.. Jason Then 3/24/14 War is Hell Adventurers seeking for a live blood fest should be cautioned, however, that altogether this riotous military force is induced through the words of a sole actor, played by pack Deviate, in An Iliad. James Deviate tells the story of the Trojan War as he is living and referring to all wars that were fought since. Every date I sing this song, I hope its the last time, the Poet tells his audience. But it never is because wars keep happening all over the world.An Iliad evokes the message of futility of war, with war, everyone loses and in the end there is no resolution. The message the production of an Iliad is trying to get out is that war is foolish as every war. Andrew Bobbys destructed setting portrays the lost and ruined lives in the story. The informal, chatty cantillate echoes Homers use of simile, and makes parallels between modern life to the desires that irritated the Trojan and Greeks. Deviated gets his message across by his conventional, concert dance movements which express the ritual of war.Including the standout scene where the Poet loses it, representing the mindless killing of warriors. The poet gives every person being killed a backstops. As he describes a spear being plunged down someones throat, hell say, He was a married man with a 3-year-old-son. Or he was an incredible warrior from the fields of Argon, and he was a good potter, known to produce well-favored things. The poet values each life until the end of it. He glorifies the bravery, loyalty, and strength of the soldiers by giving each a positive quality.The cone where Prima the King chastens himself by putting his life at risk to pray for hi sons dead body, thinking that they will kill him and surprisingly they dont. He begs and Achilles agrees to give it back. Achilles is king abounding to say miss, Ill do this, and is patient enough to warn Prima not to yell so he doesnt kill him. This extraordinary scene depicts the sentimental and courageous side of the manly warriors. The onstage attendance of cellist Alicia Storing promotes the audiences gratefulness of how this ancient story will always remain a story for everyone. Just having the heavy(p) f a cello at times will evoke the women who are talked about in the play, Deviated said. Seeing a woman out there alters the story. So often, women and children are the collateral damage in war. Aliass presence, while I describe things like Hectors son being thrown from the battlements, will change how that cypher resonates. Snowline) The ghostly presence of the cellist dramatists the story.

Architect Antonio Gaudi Essay

The fly the coop of Antonio Gaudi can be seen as visionary. in the lead of his time in many respects, it becomes clear when viewing his work that he influenced many of the great subversive artists of the early 21st century. The significance of his life-works as an artist and particularly as an architect reveals extraordinary contributions to the archetype processes of the Modernists. Looking at some two of his architectural pieces, we can discover an entirely new kernel to architecture altogether. Antonio Gaudi displays many of the fantasy elements indicative of the Surrealist parkway, although his work was categorised as finesse Nouveau.His progression from Art Nouveau to near-Surrealist work can be seen in comparing the reasonably modest terrestrial time Guell (1886-1890) to Casa Battlo (1906-1908). Palau Guell is a grand scale expression of extravagance which still has many of the attributes of Classicism. It is beautiful and decadent with every conniption of glamour and frivolity related to the Art Nouveau period. Gaudi, I feel has restrained his imagination in the smack that he has not indulged in the same fantasy world we see in his later works.The Palau Guell is almost a modern incantation of the ancient Greek and Roman Colloseums. Casa Battlo represents a rather quaint perspective of the chaste movement itself. The Casa Battlo in its design resembles more of a candy-castle than a executeal building. The exterior of the building is scattered with ceramic designs that Gaudi had plastered into the facade. At face value this gives the viewer a sentiency of the early(a) world, a place where children go in their dreams. This was in fact, in my opinion, the beginning of the Surrealist manifesto.all in all out of keeping with the original idea of architecture, Gaudi creates a building that not only performs a function but contributes to the aesthetic value of the surroundings into which it is placed. The roof of the Casa Battlo is covered in wha t appears to be scales, almost aquatic in its construction, but at the same time not intrusive. At this stage it is difficult to invent in ones own mind whether you like it or hate it. The balconies extending from the large bay-windows are also intricately carved and resemble to a degree, alien-like heads with large gaping eyes.The vision of Art Nouveau as outrageously decorative, embellished and humourous is clearly visible in this particular piece of Gaudis work. The exploration of the fantasy world gives it an supernatural feel of something out of the fairytale Hansel and Gretel and can make you fell uneasy. In the strict sense of the intelligence service influence, I can be certain that I see the predecessor to the Surrealist movement in Gaudis work. The idea of dreams rather than reality begins to emerge in his later work which is passionately infused with extravagantly decorative mosaics and other ceramic artefacts.If one takes into account the impression Art Nouveau want ed to make, I mean Gaudi surpassed it with the kind of architectural eloquence worthy of being called a visionary. Art Nouveaus mantra of snubbing unpolluted rigidity was flouted by Gaudi and his contemporaries and led to the influence of architectural movements such as Bauhaus and sculptural artistic endeavours such as Tatlin, Dali and Leger. The previous attempts at breaking from traditional art as explored by the Impressionists served to provide a more fertile mind in terms of the architecture of Gaudi.In Gaudis work we see the expression of the mind in tactile form. Looking at the features built around Guell Park, evidences of the movement into the exploration of colour in architecture is also visible. The water fountains are embellished with mosaic fish and other aquatic-like creatures that by some peoples standards would be described as kitsch. However, for me this fantasy world does exactly what it was intended to do create a feeling of euphoria and joy. It is not functio nal beyond the aesthetic. Gaudi is up of his time.

Compare Essays Baldwin & Emerson

The focal transfer of this paper is to compare and product line the essays, James Baldwins In Search of a Majority An Address and Ralph Waldo Emersons festinate. Both the writers investigate into the aspects of bleed and communities and reveal their faith in accordance to their argument. James Baldwin states that to comprehend and evaluate the aspects of racial differences it is important to under(a)stand the true nature of minorities and majorities in a given state or nation.He believes that once the majorities of a rural area or region is identified it would be logical to understand the reason behind the social strata of the absolute majority. In other words, James Baldwin indicates, according to his thesis or discussion, that the only useful definition of the word majority does not refer to numbers, and it does not refer to power. It refers to influence. (Baldwins, 2006) On the other hand, Emerson believes that lean is the fundamental influence and constituent of succes s. For his argument, he has constructed his text and income tax returnn the side of meat as a model of most(prenominal) influential race.According to his touch the English people are the most dominant and influential race and to prove that he states, How came such men as King Alfred, and Roger Bacon, William of Wykeham, Walter Raleigh, Philip Sidney, Isaac Newton, William Shakspeare, George Chapman, Francis Bacon, George Herbert, Henry Vane, to exist here? What made these delicate natures? was it the air? was it the sea? was it the parentage? . (Emerson, 2006) Thus, Emerson tries to prove that race is the inbuilt and fundamental aspect of success.Thus, both these essays can well be related to each other in the sense that both the writers are trying to find bulge out the fundaments of racism and the dominant features of a social stratum. However, both the writers are looking at the same elements of sociological confluence but from the opposite directions. While, Baldwin feels that the most powerful group of people are those who are the most influential in a given society Emerson feels that the most influential human group in a given society are the one who are the most raciall(a)y powerful and distinct.Emersons claims of dominance of the Englishman starts with their ancestral background of the Germanic origins during the roman era and whom the Romans too found very vexed to handle and impossible to dominate. Then he imposes historical data like the details of the British imperium and the demographic supremacy of the empire at its zenith. To prove his point he indicates, It is race, is it not? that puts the hundred millions of India under the dominion of a remote island in the north of Europe. (Emerson, 2006) On the other hand, Baldwin looks into the matter of arguments in a more contemporary sense. He indicates that there is only a sense of paranoia in the context of xenophobia in modern US. He indicates that, as the population of the Negro community i s less influential in US society it is obvious that It is only too clear that even with the most malevolent will in the world Negroes can never manage to achieve one-tenth of the harm which we fear. (Baldwins, 2006)If the cardinal arguments are compared in this context we would find that Baldwins arguments are induced by a sense of humane supplicant and he suggests that all human races have the vista to be powerful and influential at a given condition and thus he suggests that every human race has a fair chance to dominate at a given point of time and at a given point of space. On the other hand, Emersons arguments are more fundamentalist in nature and at multiplication it appears that his only intention of writing is to prove English superiority as a race.He tends to forget the finished human history and just focus on the last two hundred years where the English dominated most of the world population. Nevertheless, such conditions came and went for most of the races of the wor ld. There were the Egyptians and Mesopotamians. The Greeks and the Persians were at a high. The Romans, Huns, Mongols and French all had their days in the sun. So, what makes the English better than the rest?The author fails to answer this and chooses to keep these questions out of his text. However, if we take the two arguments together we would find an interesting observation that we could not by approaching them each individually. If that is through with(p) we would find that there are some specific notions of success for a race and if the situation and environs are in complete alignment with each other there are possibilities that any race can become the dominant race of the world, at least for a period.This is the fundamental revelation of these two arguments that has not been mentioned once in these texts. References Baldwins, James (2006) In Search of a Majority An Address Emerson, Ralph Waldo (2006) Race The Complete Works Of Ralph Waldo Emerson www. davemckay. co. uk Retr ieved on 07. 04. 2008 from http//www. davemckay. co. uk/philosophy/emerson/emerson. php? name=emerson. 05. english. 04

Bradshaw’s Theory Essay

Bradshaws speculation about the growth of children is very accurate. When a child experiences pain and suffering at a young age they become emotionally damaged. For exercising my Grandpa caused my uncle a lot of pain and guilt when he was young because my grandpa divorced by grandma and left my uncle to be the man of the house at such a young age. immediately my uncle still has not forgiven my grandfather and he has trouble getting close to other people. In gear up for my uncle to move forward in his life history he has to deal with the issue between himself and my grandfather.Ericksons theory is if you are treated well and grow up in a warm and caring scale you will be better off in life. For fount ever since I was very footling I have always been able to trust both of my parents especially my mom. I always while to her for advice and tell her everything. As a result of that I try to be a very authorized person because I want other people to feel like they also have psych e they can count on.Maslows hierarchies of human needs are about the differences between the things we need and the things we zest. For example we need things such as food water and air. We also need security and stability, but we desire self-resect, independence, and self-fulfillment. Although we physically couldnt survive without the things we need we mentally could not live a happy life without the things we desire.

Journal on Aviation Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Journal on Aviation Education - Essay ExampleThis analysis can parcel out various forms including a variety of models for cognitive operation analysis.In this chapter, the a-ha moment is associated with the concept of modeling the process of line of work solving. Its intuitive that problem solving requires extensive analysis, but the concept of using a comprehensive as well as a situation specific methodology in unison to arrive at both a high level and an operational approach to critical issues, really makes sense (Rothwell & Kazanas, 1998).The gratuity that seemed most unclear is the process of finding the association of data point metrics required for a valid performance matrix designed. This model for comprehensive problem-solving was exemplified by the Gilbert Performance Matrix, but it was elusive to understand exactly how to associate the data points.In Chapter 5 the concept of assessing relative characteristics of targeted assimilators is the main subject of discussion . This exercise includes great attention to the detail of describing learner characteristics identifying those characteristics specifically developing learner profiles evaluating and describing cognitive sound judgment then judging learner assessment.The a-ha moment was based on the specifics of what kind of learner characteristics should be assessed. ... The unblemished range of learner characteristics provides for a sense of uncertainty in approach, so a template of learner related characteristics worthy of consideration and useful to the design process and in focusing the efforts in the instructional design.Muddiest PointThe concept that made the least sense is the theory of cognitivism in the instructional design process. The idea that learners develop their own strategies for learning is perhaps misleading, since all learning is based on factors associated with ones own purlieu and percepts developed from the influence of others (Kemp, 1985).Developing Performance Measureme ntsIn this chapter, the development of measurement criteria is suggested as quickly as learning objectives has been established. Measurements are defined as a means to track performance relative to objectives, and as such are a critical component in understanding if the learning process is workings as anticipated or needs to be adjusted. A-Ha MomentThe breakdown of the value and purpose of performance measurements is the a-ha moment in this chapter. Its intuitive that there is an impact, but the correlation to purpose was somewhat unclear. Based on the Table 9.1, the value and influence of each component in the process becomes apparent. For example, the breakdown of each native element assists with the understanding of the ingredients required for success (e.g. influence of participant reaction participant learning on the job performance change and organizational impact).Muddiest PointThe process in deciding how to measure performance is subdued confusing. The reason for decisio ns associated with the selection of a data collection method seems arbitrary, since all the elements described could apply to

Implementation and Control for Marketing Plan Assignment

Implementation and Control for Marketing Plan - Assignment ExampleFor monitoring the task, it is proposed to bugger off a cross-functional departmental team assigned to the project which will not just be responsible for having a check at the progress and comparing it against the proposed timeline for ensure timeliness but would also be responsible for regular feedbacks, which may lead to amendments in the marketing plan at any level, correct if it is at the fundamental because the organization does not want itself launching a product that backfires and takes down the alive repute of the business as well.Miller (2002) states that 70% of the strategic plans containing various initiatives primarily fail delinquent to factors contributing from the organization itself, the bulk (the employees) or the partners (sh atomic number 18 and stakeholders). In this scenario i.e. of SBA, the major participants are the marketing department personnel along with the organizations that are curre ntly involved in the development of these games. Despite the great number of interior(a) forces addition to the external factors, Hrebioniak (2006) conducted researchers to conclude some potential obstacles that hurdle the implementation of an effective strategy. Some of these that are associated with this case areFor overcoming these and several other forms of issues, it is recommended to serve the internal customers on top priority, making people realize that this is a business opportunity that would be beneficial for their organization in the long operate on and it is a window of opportunity that needs to beexploited. The concept is similar to that of customer care, i.e. just as the external customers, the strategy to be implemented needs to be sell to the internal customers to have a major impact towards its ease of application.

The components of HRM's success Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The components of HRMs success - Essay ExampleDespite Guests hesitancy in concluding that HRM contributes to cheekal exercise, other scholars provided an empirical link between HRM strategies, policies and practices and certain aspects of singular and organisational performance (Liu et al., 2007 Nohria, Groysberg and Lee, 2008 Huselid, 1995 635 Wall and Wood, 2005 430 Pfeffer and Pfeffer and Veiga 1999). This paper aims to determine HRM issues and to offer some solutions. After reviewing several studies, including opposing ones, HRM systems, policies, and practices are believed to jabbing company performance through shaping recruitment, selection, and retention strategies that develop engaged and creative employee, who can officiate as one of the companys sustainable competitive advantages. The role of human resource systems in strategic recruitment cannot be undermined (Liu et al., 2007). Recruitment should not be dismissed as something that can good be outsourced to other pa rties because recruitment strategy should meet existing HR strategy goals. Walker, Bernerth and Tocher (2009) studied mull over seekers organisational attitudes at different casts of the recruitment process by evaluating the interactions among the variables of job seekers procedural arbiter anticipations, procedural evaluator perceptions and preliminary screening feedback quality. After using two phases of data collection that included 392 participants in phase 1 and 351 in phase 2, findings showed that participants who were engaged in the recruitment process with high procedural nicety expectations were more affected by initial screening feedback quality than those with low justice expectations (Walker et al., 2009 5). Procedural justice perceptions throughout the preliminary screening affected their organisational attitudes (Walker et al., 2009 5). These authors concluded that how firms recruit candidates can affect the quality of perceptions regarding the organisation (Walke r et al., 2009 6). Rehman (2012) affirmed the same findings for his empirical work on the recruitment efforts of public sector organisations in Pakistan. He discovered that organisations with poor promotion and governance systems tend to recruit fewer competent applicants and tend to spend a penny higher turnover rates. Managers must be clear in explaining what they expect from their employees and what employees can expect from the organisation, in terms of rewards, culture and other organisational and managerial factors. HRM managers who carefully carve the right organisational image and job expectations for its employees during the recruitment process can hire high-performing employees than those who do not care on the image and expectations they provide to applicants. HRM affects individual performance through its recruitment strategies because they influence individual decisions through organisational factors, which when affirmed through hiring, can dissolvent to employee job satisfaction and retention. Han and Han (2009) explored the relationship between hiring perceptions and retention and found a correlation between the two. some other studies emphasised that in recruiting the right people, job experience, skills, and personality are critical. Newman and Lyon (2009)

Sun Yat-sen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

sunbathe Yat-sen - Essay ExampleIt was subsequent that he studied in Hawaii in the Guangzhou Medical School in 1886. Later on he transferred to the college of medicine in Hong Kong in the stratum of 1892. In times when he was completing his medicine he felt the urge to change the degraded mainland mainland China into a better place. It was in 1984 that Sun Yat Sen stopped his medical practice and entered into the political celestial orbit of China. During this time he wrote a letter to the governor recommending different policies which could be implemented to help China thrive. But these recommendations were put down by the governor and he ended up forming an organization cognize as Revive China Society. It was here that things changed for Sun Yat Sen and he convoluteed out to become a subverter leader. In 1894-1895 the Sino Japanese War took place and Sun plotted a disorder against the brass in the capital of his province. The revolt launched by Sun did not turn out to be made and he went into self exile after the events. Sun got publicity about his targets and puzzles in London when he was arrested by a Chinese delegation. Although Sun easily crept away from the authorities he did get generous publicity to become an icon for the whole China. It was then that Sun returned to Japan and was helped by people who had perceive of him. From 1897 Sun began his secret revolutionary attempts to dethrone the government of China. Sun after several(prenominal) attempts tried to turn the governors of different provinces on his side. In the early twentieth carbon China was ruled by the Qing Dynasty and the aim of Sun was to dethrone the dynasty because of the miserable conditions that it had left China in. However in the early twentieth century the decreasing popularity of the Qing Dynasty helped pave ways for Sun so that he could successfully launch his revolts. The press in China got enough power to expose the Qing Dynasty and it was here that the popularity of Sun increased amongst the students. In 1904 with the help of several people and revolutionaries Sun was able to form the United League which had to work against the Qing Dynasty. However later in the years he had to face many problems because of the league and went into despair when all the territories of China took an action against him. As he was facing problems from the territories he sought help from his revolutionaries and launched a revolt to capture the province of Ghuangzou and this attempt was again made unsuccessful. In the years following several revolutionaries took to roads and began capturing the states of China. A revolutionary group was finally able to overthrow the government in Wuhan and Sun was then elected the provisionary president in the year of 1912. Sun had a weak delegation of members and hence he firm to resign in March 1912 after making a deal with a minister. Sun was later appointed as the director general of the railway development but later left the game and launched a revolt against his successor because of his alleged involvement in the assassination of the partys head. The revolt against his successor failed once again and he had to suffer from other problems soon after. All his attempts to better the conditions of China were not successful and he had to face problems from his nationalist counterparts. In the latter years of his life Sun tried to organize his party but was still not able to take a beloved position in the assemblies of China. He died of cancer in the year of 1925. Sun Yat Sen is still remembered for his

The three works, Blakes London , Arnolds Dover Beach (1867) and Joyces Essay

The three works, Blakes London , Arnolds Dover Beach (1867) and Joyces Araby - Essay ExampleBut with the onset of Araby, Joyce launches the cognisance of a son and his artistic doom, which will become yet more pronounced with the concept pf paralysis that he ultimately voices in A portrait of the Artist as a Young objet dart. London, by Blake is decadent with a Baudelaire-ian Fleur Du Mal backstreet experience. London, by Blake is littered with poverty and the cheap glitters of lustful night, which spreads through the nightmarish experiences of Dover Beach where ignorant armies fight at night. The only this that is of value is truth. Joyce challenges this truth that for the boy becomes a disillusioned journey into sexuality and the bazaar named Araby. In an Eliot-ish trance he climbs to the upper narrative of his room and whispers the name of his beloved in an ecstatic symphony, until he is able to rise beyond the ashes and the sinkhole squalor of the city. All the poems descri be a different waste land and in vain explore for a remedy.While Blake, we find a London that is chartered and chequered with misfortune, plague, curses and a lyricism that displace empathize with the masses. London is full of cries, sighs and darkness.

Freedom and Equaity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Freedom and Equaity - Essay ExampleThat means everyone must(prenominal) have the right to live their conduct employing their capital and labor as per their liking. Locke is considered one of the proponents of classical liberalism. In the Second Treatise of Civil Government, Locke argues that normal derives authority from the community. All individuals have a birth right to possess property and if government or ruler deprives them from this natural right, the people have all right to force ruler to leave. Locke also speaks about comparison for everyone. He states liberty does not mean that anyone is given liberty of destroying oneself or for that matter anyone elses property, health, life or freedom. No one can encroach on others rights or inflict destruction. Simply the law of constitution must prevail that speaks about peace and preservation for fellow citizens. Locke lends a special emphasis on having a freedom to possess earned property. Whatever has been acquired through ones labor and hard work will, in all case, belong to that person and no one else will have right on that possession. Locke is flat in stating that human being is born with a perfect freedom and full rights of enjoyment with what has been provided by nature. And to this extent everyone is equal. Thus, for Locke, freedom is compatible with equality as far as it is derived from the nature and its gifts to mankind no discrimination of any kind can be allowed. ... Social contract deals with peoples freedom and rights albeit in a political sense. Everyone is free in this social contract and laws that are essentially to safeguard and regulate severally individual. He also asserts that freedom of each person is the chief element to be preserved however, they mute need to follow social contract for their own survival. As per Rousseau, equality and freedom are 2 political ends and they are correlated such that the equality is a necessary condition to restore freedom. With the climax of industrial revolution in Europe, a new kind of thought process emerged, especially from Marx and Angles as they believed that a great dividing line existed between haves and have-nots. According to them, there is no true equality among the people and the root cause behind inequality is the capitalist nature of the federation. According to them, a true freedom is acquired when everyone is free from oppression and exploitation by any section of the society. They strongly believe that a handsome section of the labor class in the society does not enjoy true freedom or equality. That was the time when Europe had already ushered into a great industrial revolution in the nineteenth one C and large scale labor transition to the industries took place. For them, economic equality is of a great importance for the society and since that due to its absence labor class does not enjoy the true freedom. In other sense, they emphasise that freedom and equality are not compatible and individual fr eedom to generate wealth must be taken away to restore equality among the people. In their Manifesto, they depict, Masses of laborers, crowded into the factor, are unionized like soldiers. Not only are they slaves of the bourgeois class, and the bourgeois state,

Source Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Source Evaluation - Essay ExampleEssentials of strategical Management is a comprehensive summary of the book Strategic Management An Integrated Approach written by the same authors. The book follows a structure that is also used in the larger adaptation in order to assist learners in the identification and the emphasis of key concepts in more brief and updated slipway. The presentation of text in this book is founded on real world practices as well as contemporary thinking and features an increased importance on the concept of business shapes as a way of life of perceiving the issues of competitive advantage. The book also features progressive research, a newer strategic management theory as well as a hand-on approach that allows the reader to explore the main themes in management such as corporate performance, technology as well as business ethics among others. Additionally, it also it also includes a high quality case program that examines companies of different sizes domes tically and globally so that readers may bring home the bacon an experience as they put chapter concepts into practical events in a number of occurrences.Charles Hill and Gareth Jones consider Wal-Marts business model as being based on purchasing goods from suppliers at the lowest range realizable and then reselling the same products to its customers at profitable prices that are as low as possible (120). The company has come up with strategies that have enabled it to position in a manner that keeps operating be at the minimum in order to ensure that customers get the lowest prices on a effortless basis with continuous price rollbacks. From inception, the company has been using strategies that increase its efficiency in various ways including ensuring low product differentiation as well as targeting mass markets. Wal-Marts business model that is based on discounts for its retail customers is founded on the idea that low costs will result in lower prices.After identify ways of

Find a research based article in a business journalsand appraise the Essay

Find a research based article in a tune journalsand appraise the methodology employed and the - Essay ExamplePrimarily analyzing the business learning through a set of deales can be termed as market research. It involves the use of technology for obtaining the want information from these processes. Basic purpose of acquiring information by any organization is to assess the business environment, carry out marketing research, make sales forecasting and conduct competitor analysis. Various technologies and methodologies atomic number 18 utilize for collecting and saving the information in easily accessible format. This data is frequently used for making correct and timely decisions for enhancing the profitability. (Business Planning, 2005).The article under review is Managing the development of technology-based courses success factors from ogdoad government training courses written by Rowley, Kurt published in Acquisition Review Quarterly January 2003. In this article primary res earch techniques are employed to determine success factors identified in handed-down higher education distance learning research belles-lettres were important to technology-based course development (Kurt, 2003)The detective started the article by giving brief background of the subject and then reviewed the literature with accredited and authorized citations. Primary research methods of data collection were used by adopting qualitative methodology. Various formats of guided interviews were knowing for primary data collection. The interview were designed in such way so that exploration process may become easier, the interview question were prepared in the light of literature review and objectives of the research.. The interviews were conducted directly for gathering more reliable data. The interview methodology was properly ratified by involving two researchers at initial stage afterwards one researcher conducted interviews. (Kurt, 2003)After collecting primary data and reviewing literature the data was analyzed systematically in the light of prior knowledge

Securing America and Protecting civil Liberties Essay

Securing America and Protecting civil Liberties - Essay ExampleThis set about discusses that the signing of the Patriot enactment into law in the year 2001 gave the US government authority to apply personal information regarding US citizens and permitted the government to detain strangers deemed as a risk to the state security. The attribute of these individuals can be without any public acknowledgment. The federal law enforcing agencies have a wiretap authority, which glide path student readings in the library and internet usage. This shows a restriction of the civil liberties. Some provisions of the Act allow the installation of a formidable tracking gadget capable of intercepting all kinds of internet activity, which intromit web page activity, e-mail messages and internet telephone communication. The Act was passed as a result of terrorists outrage earlier in the period. The Act reduced daily emancipations of Americans and expanded the authority of the secretary of the tr easury. The secretary was to pull strings financial transactions of foreign individuals and entities. The First Amendment comprises several vital rights that guarantee an individuals raw material civil liberties such as freedom to speech, freedom to associate, freedom of the tweet, and freedom to religion. The civil liberties have shelter against government restriction and interference by other individuals. The provisions of the First Amendment were first written when in that respect were no radios, computers, televisions and other communication gadgets. Changes in the First Amendment have redefined and reinterpreted the entitlement to free speech and press. The rights of speech and press atomic number 18 not absolute (Taylor, 2005). fit in to the interpretation of the court about the budges in the First Amendment, freedom to speech or press can be denied in extreme cases. Another change in the First Amendment is against an individual facing a bonny trial. The changes provi de that individuals accused of terrorism must not be released on bail. This change will affect those individuals arrested under suspicion that they are terrorists, but they are not. In such a case, there will be no freedom to a fair trial. Another change that occurred to the First Amendment was a change of the provision permitting individuals to have the freedom to privacy (Savage, 2009). According to the changes made, the FBI had authority to access the internet messages, financial statements, and business records of an individual suspected to be a terrorist without the suspects association or permission. The Fourth Amendment protects the Americans from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government. However, with the signing of the Patriots Act, the Fourth Amendment was changed with regard to the right of conducting searches and seizures. The change allowed citizens to be seized on the ground that the individual is suspected to be a terrorist. Any individual suspected to be a terrorist is searched without allowing the FBI to conduct the search. The searches conducted by the FBI may not be reasonable, but the change was allowed (Savage, 2009). Another change that occurred was the procedure that applied to individuals charged with a crime. The change that occur

American and Chinese Management Culture Research Paper

American and Chinese Management Culture - explore Paper ExampleAccording to Chinese vigilance goal, crease success is attri yeted to luck while business failure is attributed to personal failures in life. In contrast, American management finis attribute organizational success to high performance of employees, creativity of managers and good management practices. American culture attributes business failure to unequal leadership and management practices or high competition in the market (Wenzhong 37). Another difference in the management cultures is on delegating responsibilities and accountability. Responsibility delegation will influence employee accountability and performance in his job. In America, management embraces proper delegation of authority and responsibility to the subordinates. Employees are accountable for the tasks delegated to them. In China, in that location is less delegation of authority and responsibility to employees thus employees are not personally acc ountable for the tasks but are considered to be part of a group work or team (Lynch 42). Chinese management philosophy value collectivism while American management cultures are individualism. In China, the management emphasizes on group cooperation. Chinese managers expect every employee to actively participate in accomplishing the goals of the organization. Individual employees are judge to show loyalty to organizational goals. Chinese collectivism management culture utilizes strict rules and disciplinary measures in order to ensure group stability. On the other side, American management culture is individualism. In America, employees exert more freedom by exhibiting creativity and innovation in their jobs. American management culture values individual rights and goals and tries to align the employee goals with organizational goals in order to maximize employee productivity. In America, employees value personal doing and success in their individual tasks, they work hard for prom otions and better compensation (Lynch 66). Another difference in American and Chinese management cultures is the perceptions on time. Chinese managers pay more attention to past and long-term relationships with business partners and suppliers. In China, the management builds working relations with customers before starting transactions thus resulting in time wastage on discussing business decisions. Other the other hand, American management culture is less in the past relationships with business partners. American managers expect short term rewards from their business decisions. American management culture entails fast decision making and less established working relationships with business partners (Wenzhong 39). Chinese economy experiences almost high government control while American economy is purely capitalist and free market economy. Chinese managers must establish cordial relationships with government officials in order to succeed unlike American management thus only need t o work within the established business regulations and business level-headed environment. Chinese management culture values working personal relationships than established rules and procedures. American management culture follows well documented processes and rules that are fair to all the stakeholders in the organization. For instance, most companies in China may lack grievances handling procedures or a ethics code. American management culture has written tender-hearted resource policies and ethical code of conduct that all employees must follow (Nocera 5). Chinese

Smoking should not be allowed at public places Essay

Smoking should not be allowed at state-supported places - Essay ExampleAccording to the 2003 poll conducted by MORI in London, 40% of the interviewees concurred that smoking should not be allowed in a restaurant, a human race place 54% wanted separation of smoking and non-smoking zones. The well-nigh striking fact was that only 4% were indifferent to the location or exposure to smoking. In other separate research on Edinburgh residents, 58% were in favor of banning smoking in public places while only 28% opposed the move (City of Edinburgh Council, 1).Smoking pollutes the surround by releasing noxious components to the atmosphere. Even though it is the right of smoker to have cigarettes, a clean environment on the other hand is a necessity for humanity. A ban on public smoking- no matter how- may seem unfair to smokers, it will ensure that people live in a clean environment by reducing pollution, and nonsmokers rights are taken into consideration.Over the weekends and in vacat ions, most parents do prefer to excrete their judgment of conviction with their children in public places. What happens in a case whereby people smoke in much(prenominal)(prenominal) recreational or public places? The answer is almost obvious Children learn by imitation, and would actually bear witness to act out what they see or observed happening in their surroundings. Therefore, the presence of smokers in such localities is bad influence to children and may introduce them to smoking at early ages. As precautious measure, the state judicature should ban smoking in public places.Most chain smokers spend most of their money and beat in cigarettes. Therefore, banning smoking in public places would result in limiting the frequency at which such people smoke. This will not only result in saving money and time that can be invested elsewhere in a more profitable manner but similarly help the state to reduce the average health problems arising directly from smoking.It is very hard for non-smokers to entertain the unsporting scent that arises as a

Foundations of Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Foundations of Marketing - Essay ExampleWhen a family bases its operations on a production orientation, the thinking adopted is that consumers favour products that argon available and highly low-cost. The focus is on improving production and distribution side of the business. The product concept holds that consumers choose products, which are of superior quality and carry innovative features. Continuous product improvement gets the priority. Product orientation carries the risk of infection of being susceptible to marketing myopia where the company fails to see the broader market necessarily which it is fulfilling but concentrates besides closely on the product itself. Many organisations still favour the selling concept where the focus is on large-scale promotional and selling efforts. However with the customers getting more and more sophisticated and possessing high aim of product and market information, hard selling tactics are no longer the preferred mode. The forrad alterna tive is the marketing approach where the underlying belief is that achieving organisational goals depend upon determining the needs and wants of target markets and delivering the want satisfactions more effectively and efficiently than competition. The main focus lies in identifying and meeting the customer needs effectively and profitably. Final and newest marketing concept is societal marketing where the focus is to balance the needs of the company with consumers short-term needs as well as overall long-term needs of society.