Psychodynamic Theory

Psychodynamic system Review In the article The Future of Psychodynamic Psych differentapy, Cortina (2010) reviews past and current issues concerning psychodynamic conjecture in relation hazard to therapy pr exertionices. He describes how and why a once widely accepted and common method of psychological treatment has since suffered a swift weakening in popularity and reliability. Cortina (2010) besides speaks about the basic concepts that underlie the psychodynamic possibility so that possible interpretations feces be drawn as to why this theory has succumbed to such criticism over the decades.Although, the psychodynamic theory does non rent a good reputation, Cortina (2010) examines past and current seek on how psychodynamic theory is making a comeback, and its now say nitty-grittyiveness. The Deterioration of Psychodynamic Theory According to Cortina (2010), unmatched of the tell-tale signs that psychodynamic theory has taken a dive in the world of psych otherapy is bec ause of the decline in related bear sales. Not even a decade ago, the bestselling psychoanalytical books were sold by the tens of thousands.Over the past few years, less than 500 have been taken mutilate the shelves and found their way into the hands of appreciating scholars. A proposed reason for this is that Freuds credibility has been lost. Although there was not adequate scientific evidence to back up his theories back in the day, a lot has changed in the past century. Unfortunately, Freuds theory has become nothing more than a postmodern-deconstructive philosophy (Cortina, 2010, The Decline of Psychoanalysis, para. 4). Concepts of Psychoanalytical TheoryShendler (2010), as referenced by Cortina (2010), list some basic concepts of the psychoanalytical theory. good deal act according to unconscious processes and impulses. When those processes become conflicted with one another, trouble ensues. People too respond to emotional processes. Recognizing and accepting conscious and unconscious emotions be essential to psychoanalytical theory. This theory focuses on defense mechanisms. People tend to convey in ways that are not in context with what is going on.Psychoanalytical theory has a tendency to pay close attention to the learning of the mind. How a person thinks and perceives can reveal a lot about what is going on in the mind. Social processes are also important in particular how individuals relate to and communicate with one another. Lastly, psychoanalytical theory focuses on dreams and a persons imagination. These are the doors to the unconscious. Research Cortina (2010) provides evidence from past and current research that favors psychoanalytical theory.Science has come a long way in the past decade therefore, scientists have a better understand about what is in truth going on in the gentlemans gentleman mind. With the use of tools such as the MRI, they can make connections between thoughts, emotions, actions, and specific areas of the brain and other physiological processes. Researchers have also obtained a wealth of information from case studies. Although many a(prenominal) are still skeptical about the reliability of psychoanalytical theory, evidence has shown many strengths and benefits of this theory. closing curtainRegardless of the unpopularity of psychoanalytical theory, opinions and attitudes are starting to change. on that point is a considerable amount of evidence that supports the ideas behind and the benefits of this theory. Since only a small percentage of practitioners imbibe specialized training in psychoanalytical therapy, much has to be done to convince the public and academic sector that psychoanalytical theory is not a fairytale. Personal Perspective I believe that the psychoanalytical perspective to psychotherapy has many good qualities, as well as, some questionable qualities.I run with Cortina (2010) that this theory is making some great strides to prove itself worthy in the scientific field. I do not fully adhere to the notion that many of our actions are driven by unconscious motives because that tends to take accountability and choice away from the individual. I am fascinated by this theory only for the offer of study, not in practice. Reference Cortina, M. (2010). The future of psychodynamic psychotherapy. Psychiatry Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 73(1), 43-56. doi10. 1521/psyc. 2010. 73. 1. 43Psychodynamic TheoryPsychodynamic theory is a view that explains personality in the terms of unconscious and conscious forces, such as beliefs and unconscious desires. Sigmund Freud in the early 20th century proposed a psychodynamic theory according to which personality consists of the ID. The ID is obligated for instincts and pleasure-seeking. He also proposed the idea of the super self-importance which attempts to obey the rules of society and rears.The superego is split into two parts, conscience and the ego ideal. The conscience tells what is right and wrong, i t forces the ego to control the id and it directs the individual into virtuously acceptable and responsible behaviors, which could not be pleasureable. Lastly the Ego which mediates between the id and the superego according to the demands of reality. What psychodynamic theories do are they commonly hold that childhood experiences shape ones personality. Such theories are associated with psychoanalysis which is a type of therapy that attempts to reveal unconscious desires and thoughts.Not all psychologists use or accept psychodynamic theories, critics claim that the theories leave out scientific data that supports the theories. Other theories of personality include humanist and behavioural theories (Siegel, 2013). Psychodynamic theorists believe that offenders have id-dominated personalities. They can lose control the ego and the ids need for flare gratification will thus take over. This will then cause impulse control problems and increased pleasure-seeking drives. Other problems that are associated with a damaged ego are poor social skills, immaturity, and excessive dependence on other heap. The idea with this is that negative experiences in an offenders childhood will damage the ego, therefore, the offender is then unable to cope with conventional society (Siegel, 2013).This theory can be attached to Bowblys theory of Attachment. Bowlby had proposed that the ability to form meaningful social affinitys in adulthood was merely dependent on a close, warm and continuous relationship with the mother in the first few years of life. Since this relationship serves as a prototype for all future relationships, disruption to this could impair a persons ability to relate to others therefore causing roots of criminality, and baksheesh to affection less psychopathology. So therefore, this explains crime by the root causes of crime because it depends on relationships with your mother when you are young (1-5 years old). The keysubjects are juveniles. As talked about p reviously, this theory correlated with Bowlbys Attachment theory (Maxwell, Spielmann, Joel & MacDonald, 2013).At early stages the key subjects are juveniles, because theyre out lashing due to the lack of emotional adhesion at the early stages in life, and then adults because they never got to experience an emotional attachment throughout the early and then later years of life.There are various ways that psychodynamic theory and attachment theory have been tested throughout the years. After much research, one study that was found was a Relationship Attachment Syle Text. The main basis of this tests background is how from the beginning years of life, we develop an attachment to our primary caregivers that tends to remain constant if it is picture. It has a profound effect that is not only on our emotional development, but is also upon the health of our relationships.In this test attachment styles that are conveyed are Secure, Dismissive-Avoidant, Fearful-Avoidant, Codependent, Depen dent, and Anxious Ambivalent. This will assess your relationship style and it will show how it affects your relationships in your personal life all just by taking this test. It asks you a serious of questions that you rate 1 universe the most true and 5 being the most false about you (Haggerty, 2010). This has been used as a basis for public programs, and also private programs. It can be assessed simply in a classroom setting when learning about the psychodynamic/ attachment theory, and it can be used in a clinical setting where the therapist is trying to see where the client is relationship wise in their life.This test is important, and it is widely used , and it is grounded in a valid and well-established theory. There was evidence that this is a valid test. With research by (Brennan et al., 1998 Fraley & Waller, 1998) that the greatest weight of the results that were found were deriving from multi-item dimensional measures because they have demonstrated greatly the best precisen ess and validity. They strongly encourage more researchers that are interested in peer relationships to continue to use and explore the old measures that are used and determine the advantages and their limitations. They also encourage them to continue to concern themselves with measurement issues in this certain domain, seeing there are still gaps that are waiting to be filled and improvements to be made while assessing attachment (Brennanet al., 1998 Fraley & Waller, 1998).This test has found to have a wide range of uses, especially for the environment that it is used in (personal, clinical, educational etc). It is not necessarily used for all crimes, but it can be used with juveniles in crime because it can help determine their psychosis and what environmental factors could be associated with their behavior.After drawn-out research of the psychodynamic/attachment theory and the culture conflict theory, these theories do not belong in the same class of theories. Though they do loo k at crime and can help explain the root causes or explain why crimes have happened, they are different theories that do not belong in the same class. The psychodynamic theory is an evolutionary theory and attachment theory is a psychological theory. Culture conflict theory is an environmental- base theory. The similarities that these theories share are the fact that soldering has a very important lasting psychological implications. Also another similarity that these theories share is showing how in an overall setting, society creates these bonds and they stick totally to constructher.Culture conflict occurs when rules are expressed in the criminal law clashes with the demands of group conduct norms, therefore this theory is an outcome of an event. Psychodynamic theories focus on the time of the event, on their instinctive drive and forces (from their id, superego, ego), so this in objective, and also can be an outcome. That goes for attachment theory as well, because attachment th eory is the ability to bond to other people has important lasting psychological implications across someones life span, so this is the outcome of previous behaviors and attachments with people in ones life.A typology of crime that is believed to to explain psychodynamic theory in some sort of way that is also integrated with Bowlbys theory of attachment is underage drinking. This kind of crime could be well-explained with this theory because of the reaction people have to the lack of control over their id, ego and superego as well as lack of attachment which tames them to leaning onto something else to get the pain away. Through a study to begin research has indicated that peer and maternal bonds play important but sometimes competing roles in the outcomes of kids. This study hypothesizedthat secure parental attachment predicted anti- alcohol attitudes and behavioral control. Norms, alcohol attitudes and behavioral control are each uniquely explained variance in intentions, which h as forecasted a significant increase in alcohol behavior a month later.Peer and parental attachment were each indirectly predicted future behavior. The results obtained from the longitudinal research were theoretically and practically informative for recognizing the contrasting interpersonal forces of peers and parents on the high-pitched risk beliefs of young adults. After research, the protective benefits that arose from attachment bonds to parents extended even into early adulthood. The findings support recommendations for interventions designed to curtail the risky levels of underage drinking based on the tenets of attachment theory (Lac, 2012). A scenario that fits this type of crime is the parents that influence the child are heavy drinkers.The environment of the child growing up about excessive alcohol drinking will lead to the influx of the child thinking its okay to drink, and want to drink because its cool and their parents do it as well. The influence of this could pote ntially lead to children starting to drink as early as possibly age 13. This can lead into possibly getting into drugs as well. Getting caught with underage possession of alcohol can be a slap on the wrist at first, heretofore if they get into a vehicle and they are driving and get in an accident the consequences fig out drastically. You could potentially get jail time if you kill someone, get your license revoked, points on your license and quite a big fine.The theory could be challenged in the fact that underage drinking could be because of the influence of other teens, and not completely the parents influence. It could be argued in the psychodynamic theory that the id is taking over and telling the person that it will be fun, and there will be no consequences or it could be considered a normal thing, so when it comes to the ego (the reality principle) nothing will seem wrong to them, when actually, it is a morally wrong act with consequences because the legal drinking age is 21 years old.Psychodynamic theory overall, is an insight-oriented therapy that focuses on unconscious processes as they are manifested in a persons present behavior. Goals of this therapy are a clients self-awareness and the understanding of the influence of the past on present behavior. The goalof psychodynamic therapy are a clients self-awareness and the understanding of the influence of the past on present behavior. The approach of this theory will enable the client in a therapy setting to examine unresolved conflicts and symptoms that arise from dysfunctional relationships and manifest themselves in the need and the desire to abuse substances and other criminal behaviors. It is by far one of the oldest modern therapies/theories.It is extremely developed and multi-faced theory of human development and interaction (Haggerty, 2010). Because of the extensive research there is on this theory, how old this theory is, and the validity of this theory/therapy, this theory is a more usable /valuable to preventing, approaching and evaluating crime. Having Bowlbys work correlating with this theory shows how much more extensive it can get because of how close attachment theory correlates. Basically, attachment theory as stated previously is the emotional bond to another person. Attachment as Bowlby stated is a lasting psychological attachedness between human beings (Lac, 2012).Developing a bond in your early years of life with your caregivers (especially your mother) has a huge impact that will follow someone throughout their life. Bowlby stated that attachment serves to keep the infant close to their mother, thus improving the childs chances of survival (Schaffer & Emerson, 1964). One social problems that this theory could help try to solve or possibly prevent is substance or alcohol abuse. When children have a lack of emotional stability in their lives, they turn to something that they will feel connected with, and will replace the hole that the lack of parental invol vement in their lives. Then once they become addicted to the substance they use or alcohol they feel a sense of fulfillment which helps cope with their lack of relationships with people.This theory can help prevent or transition their lives and fill the hole of renunciation and help create a healthy emotional stance in their lives which will help prevent the addictions.